Precise and scalable defect engineering of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials is acutely sought after in contemporary materials science. Here, we present defect engineering in monolayer graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) by irradiation with noble gas ions at 30 keV. Two ion species of different masses were used in a gas field ion source microscope: helium (He⁺) and neon (Ne⁺). A detailed Raman spectroscopy study was performed and a defect activation model applied with marked differences between the ion systems at a given dose. We propose that disparities between the ion systems are explained by different defect yields and defect sizes. Expanding on existing models, we suggest that the average defect size is smaller for supported than freestanding graphene and that the rate of defect production is larger. We infer that low-energy secondary atoms from the substrate play a significant role in …    «

Precise and scalable defect engineering of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials is acutely sought after in contemporary materials science. Here, we present defect engineering in monolayer graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) by irradiation with noble gas ions at 30 keV. Two ion species of different masses were used in a gas field ion source microscope: helium (He⁺) and neon (Ne⁺). A detailed Raman spectroscopy study was performed and a defect activation model applied with marked differences be...    »