@article{,
    author = {Holzer, Denis; Millard, Matthew; Hahn, Daniel; Siebert, Tobias; Schwirtz, Ansgar; Seiberl, Wolfgang},
    title = {Tendon compliance and preload must be considered when determining the in vivo force-velocity relationship from the torque-angular velocity relation},
    editor = {},
    booktitle = {},
    series = {},
    journal = {Scientific Reports},
    address = {},
    publisher = {},
    edition = {},
    year = {2023},
    isbn = {},
    volume = {13},
    number =  {},
    pages = {6588},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33643-9},
    doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-33643-9},
    keywords = {},
    abstract = {In vivo, the force-velocity relation (F-v-r) is typically derived from the torque-angular velocity relation (T-	extgreekw-r), which is subject to two factors that may influence resulting measurements: tendon compliance and preload prior to contraction. The in vivo plantar flexors' T-	extgreekw-r was determined during preloaded maximum voluntary shortening contractions at 0-200°/s. Additionally, we used a two factor block simulation study design to independently analyze the effects of preload and tendon compliance on the resulting T-	extgreekw-r. Therefore, we replicated the in vivo experiment using a Hill-type muscle model of the gastrocnemius medialis. The simulation results matched a key pattern observed in our recorded in vivo experimental data: during preloaded contractions, torque output of the muscle was increased when compared with non-preloaded contractions from literature. This effect increased with increasing contraction velocity and can be explained by a rapidly recoiling tendon, allowing the contractile element to contract more slowly, thus developing higher forces compared with non-preloaded contractions. Our simulation results also indicate that a more compliant tendon results in increased ankle joint torques. The simulation and the experimental data clearly show that the deduction of the in vivo F-v-r from the T-	extgreekw-r is compromised due to the two factors preloading and tendon compliance.},
    note = {},
    institution = {Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, HUM 5 - Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Professur: Seiberl, Wolfgang},
    
    
}