@inproceedings{,
    author = {Weinzierl, Daniel; Hofmann, Christian A.; Knopp, Andreas},
    title = {Blind Geolocation of RF-Signals with LEO Satellite Formations},
    editor = {},
    booktitle = {MILCOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)},
    series = {},
    journal = {},
    address = {Piscataway, NJ},
    publisher = {IEEE},
    edition = {},
    year = {2023},
    isbn = {979-8-3503-2181-4 ; 979-8-3503-2182-1},
    volume = {},
    number =  {},
    pages = {365-370},
    url = {},
    doi = {10.1109/MILCOM58377.2023.10356280},
    keywords = {},
    abstract = {This paper presents a hybrid geolocation approach
specifically designed for passive geolocation of unidentified RF
emitters. The proposed method leverages a sparse antenna
array consisting of seven formation flying satellites, enabling
geolocation without ambiguity or low resolution while avoiding
the need to confine the solution space. Each satellite is equipped
with a single-element antenna distributed over several kilometers,
providing a highly aperture-efficient configuration and enabling
precise Angle of Arrival (AOA) estimation. However, the inherent
sparsity of the array introduces manifold grating lobes, leading
to ambiguity in the AOA estimation process. To overcome this
ambiguity, we employ Time Difference of Arrival/Frequency
Difference of Arrival (TDOA/FDOA) geolocation estimation.
The inter-satellite distance required for AOA estimation differs
from that for TDOA/FDOA estimation. The latter imposes a
maximum distance constraint among the AOA satellite formation.
To establish the constraint condition, our approach involves a
comprehensive analysis of the Cramer Lower Bound (CRLB)
for both TDOA/FDOA in the first step and the confinement of
the solution space for AOA geolocation estimation in the second
step. By combining these three methods through a joint CRLB
analysis, we gain valuable insights into the overall performance
of the system. The integration of multiple geolocation techniques,
strategic satellite configuration, and significant improvement
in accuracy compared to existing methods constitute the key
innovations of this research.},
    note = {},
    institution = {Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, EIT 3 - Institut für Informationstechnik, Professur: Knopp, Andreas},
    
    
}