@article{,
    author = {Negm, Nour; Zayouna, Sarah; Parhizkar, Shayan; Lin, Pen-Sheng; Huang, Po-Han; Suckow, Stephan; Schroeder, Stephan; De Luca, Eleonora; Briano, Floria Ottonello; Quellmalz, Arne; Düsberg, Georg; Niklaus, Frank; Gylfason, Kristinn; Lemme, Max},
    title = {Graphene Thermal Infrared Emitters Integrated into Silicon Photonic Waveguides},
    editor = {},
    booktitle = {},
    series = {},
    journal = {ACS Photonics},
    address = {},
    publisher = {},
    edition = {},
    year = {2024},
    isbn = {},
    volume = {11},
    number =  {8},
    pages = {2961-2969},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01892},
    doi = {10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01892},
    keywords = {graphene ; thermal emitter ; mid-infrared ; optical gas sensing ; absorption spectroscopy ; silicon photonics},
    abstract = {Cost-efficient and easily integrable broadband mid-
infrared (mid-IR) sources would significantly enhance the
application space of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Thermal
incandescent sources are superior to other common mid-IR
emitters based on semiconductor materials in terms of PIC
compatibility, manufacturing costs, and bandwidth. Ideal thermal
emitters would radiate directly into the desired modes of the PIC
waveguides via near-field coupling and would be stable at very high
temperatures. Graphene is a semimetallic two-dimensional material
with comparable emissivity to thin metallic thermal emitters. It
allows maximum coupling into waveguides by placing it directly
into their evanescent fields. Here, we demonstrate graphene mid-
IR emitters integrated with photonic waveguides that couple
directly into the fundamental mode of silicon waveguides designed to work in the so-called “fingerprint region” relevant for gas
sensing. High broadband emission intensity is observed at the waveguide-integrated graphene emitter. The emission at the output
grating couplers confirms successful coupling into the waveguide mode. Thermal simulations predict emitter temperatures up to
1000 °C, where the blackbody radiation covers the mid-IR region. A coupling efficiency η, defined as the light emitted into the
waveguide divided by the total emission, of up to 68% is estimated, superior to data published for other waveguide-integrated
emitters.},
    note = {},
    institution = {Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, EIT 2 - Institut für Physik, Professur: Düsberg, Georg},
    
    
}